groupadd group_name //create a new group
groupdel group_name //delete the group
cat /etc/group //list the group
chgrp group_name file_name //change the group
usermod -g group_name user_name //assign the group
chmod u+x file_name //grant user excute permission
chmod g-r file_name //revoke group read permission
chmod o+w file_name //grant other user write permission
umask //check umash value
chmod 755 file_name //set rwx rx rx permission
chmod -R 755 file_name //set rwx rx rx permission with sub directories
chown user_name file_name //change the file owner
chown -R user_name file_name //change the file owner with sub directories
chown -R user_name:group_name file_name //change owner & group with sub directories
chown -R user_name. file_name //change same name for owner & group with sub directories
Advantages: 1. Improved Query Performance • Optimized SQL execution plans lead to faster query response times. • Reduces unnecessary full table scans and improves indexing strategies. • Parallel execution tuning speeds up large data processing tasks. 2. Better Resource Utilization • Efficient use of CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network resources. • Reduces contention on Redo Logs, Undo Tablespaces, and Buffer Cache. • Helps in load balancing across multiple instances in RAC (Real Application Clusters). 3. Increased System Scalability • Ensures that the database can handle a growing number of users and transactions. • Proper tuning allows scaling without degrading performance. • Optimized parallel processing ensures better performance on multi-core servers. 4. Lower Infrastructure Costs • Reduces the need for add...
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