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Oracle Parameter (SP) File

  1. Parameter file is a text/binary file used to store the Oracle database parameters and values.
  2. The oracle instance reads the parameter file during startup which are then used to control the behavior of database instance.

Parameter Like:

  • Memory allocation (SGA & PGA)
  • Startup of Optional background Processes.
  • Setting of NLS (National Language Support) Parameters etc.

There are 2 types of parameter files:

  • pfile (parameter file) normal text file – Older way (not recommended)
  • spfile (server parameter file) binary file – newer way (recommended) – introduced starting from 9i

Difference between pfile and spfile

pfile

spfile

Text file

Binary file

It can be edited

It can’t be edited. It can only the altered using the ALTER SYSTEM command.

Default location is $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init[SID].ora

$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile[SID].ora

The RMAN utility can’t take bakup

The RMAN utility can take backup

show parameter file;

create pfile='<pfile location>' from spfile;

(OR)

create pfile='<pfile location>' from spfile='<spfile location>';

create spfile from pfile='<pfile location>';

create spfile='<spfile location>' from pfile='<pfile location>';

show parameter;

alter system set <parameter_name>='<value>' scope=[spfile/memory/both];

startup pfile='<pfile location>'

startup spfile='<spfile location>'

show parameter spfile;

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